Global Basic Observation Network at the UNFCCC

Legal assistance paper

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Date produced: 04/12/2023

Context:

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has set up the “Global Basic Observation Network” (GBON) by Resolution 34 cg-18. This is a mandate to Members ‘to acquire and internationally exchange the most essential surface-based observational data at a minimum level of spatial resolution and time interval.’ The network is an essential observation tool that aims to cover all regions, including those where data is less available and that are some of the most vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. To provide technical and financial assistance to implement the GBON in LDCs and SIDS, WMO Members requested the UN Secretary General to create a Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF). The creation of the SOFF, a UN Multi-Partner Trust Fund, was announced at COP 26. A party wishes to explore if and how GBON could be recognised or brought into the UNFCCC process, suggesting potential avenues, such as the adaptation-related GST outcomes or other negotiation streams.

Query:

Please could you identify where/how the UNFCCC process currently mentions/recognises or incorporates GBON and provide possible entry points for it to be further recognised/more formally incorporated?

Summary

The WMO established in 1992 the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), a programme on global observational requirements. In 2022, responding to an UNFCCC invitation, the WMO launched an implementation plan with an aim to fill in observation gaps and availability. The plan refers to the Global Basic Observing Network as an instrument to contribute to that aim. The WMO has called for the UNFCCC to support GBON (I). There is significant alignment between GBON and the UNFCCC, as this observational goal supports the implementation of Article 5 of the Convention and Article 7 of the Paris Agreement, among other provisions in the treaties and COP decisions. Additionally, COP has welcomed and supported GCOS during COP 27 (II). Possible COP 28 agenda items to promote further alignment are RSO and the GST (III).