What is the difference between the different legal form options for the future ADP text (i.e. protocol, legal instrument, agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention)? Summary The negotiations under the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action aim to develop ‘a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force.’ While …

1. What is the rigor (i.e. legal bindingness) of the new language “an agreed outcome with legal force?” 2. Is “an agreed outcome with legal force” more or less legally binding than “a legal outcome applicable to all parties” and also “a legally binding agreement” (the latter two being language used in …

1. What is the meaning (in terms of what it refers to) of “adequacy” in UNFCCC Art 4.2(d) in the context of the requirement for regular reviews, as expressed in the last sentence? 2. What is the relationship between the scope of the reviews referred to respectively under Arts 4.2(d) and 7.2 UNFCCC ? 3. […]

1. How is overlapping jurisdiction between treaty bodies (e.g. the COP under the UNFCCC and another treaty body or international organization) addressed under international law where both bodies have authority over the same subject matter? 2. If there is no ‘exclusive authority’ of a treaty body or international organization, does international …

1. In the context of the Adaptation Fund Board being under the authority of the CMP pursuant to Decision 1/CMP.3 and the guidelines for the Adaptation Fund in Annex IV of Decision 1/CMP.4, is it possible to say that there is a legally binding agreement by the CMP that the funding for adaptation projects should be […]