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1. Would a COP15 bis be considered an ‘ordinary session’ or an ‘extraordinary session’? 2. Could a protocol be adopted at a COP15 bis? Within a COP and a COP bis scenario, is it possible to adopt COP decisions at the first session of the COP (ie Copenhagen) and then to adopt further COP decisions […]

1. A) How and when have successive treaties been used in international law, particularly in international environmental law? Why was a successor treaty chosen as an option over an amendment to the underlying agreement or a new agreement? B) What type of provision is needed (if any) to indicate that it is a successor treaty? Please include formulations …

1. Generally, how and when have provisional application clauses been used in international agreements? 2. Are there any precedents in international law where entry into force of one treaty has been tied to an external condition like the ratification of another treaty?   Question 1 Provisional application clauses have been increasingly used in recent …

Does the prohibition on reservations contained in Article 26 of the Kyoto Protocol bar a state from rejecting certain amendments adopted by the Parties at COP15, in purported reliance on the right to reject amendments under Article 20(4) and/or Article 21(5)? The general rules on the making of reservations to treaties are set out in […]