Query: 1. Does the request by the COP (in Decision 4/CP.26 para.9) to some developed country Parties to significantly increase their provision of adaptation finance, including by, as appropriate, considering doubling adaptation finance with the aim of achieving a balance between mitigation and adaptation, differ, in substance, from that by the CMA (in …

Query: What types of outcomes can emerge from a COP and what legal value do they hold? Advice: 1. Legal bindingness in international law The creation of binding international obligations typically occurs through treaties, the result of extensive negotiations among nations. These treaties contain meticulously negotiated provisions, often developed over …

We have been instructed to prepare a literature review of what is understood as the contributor base in the context of the new collective quantified goal (“NCQG”). You have requested that this literature review focuses on precisely what the “sources, instruments and channels” are, as referenced in Article 9.3 Paris Agreement. We set out …

COP 28 was held in Dubai from November 30-December 13, 2023. Our latest summary, co-produced with the wonderful LACLIMA team, focuses on key outcomes under the COP and CMA, shedding light on crucial decisions. Huge thanks to our amazing volunteers for their invaluable contributions.

Queries: 1. Please provide examples, including a legal basis for joint work programmes between conventions, to coordinate across international instruments, in particular the UNFCCC and the CBD? 2. Please consider the operationalisation of the non market-based mechanism under Article 6.8 of the Paris Agreement and how such a Joint Work Programme between …