Could you please clarify the legal meaning of the terms “double counting”, “real, permanent, additional and verified” and “net decrease”, in the context of the UNFCCC and its market instruments, particularly the Framework of Various Approaches, New Market Mechanism and Non Market-based Approaches?  Advice:  The UNFCCC aims to stabilize “the …

Please advise on the likely status of: emissions trading credits relating to Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol (emissions trading); and emission reduction units relating to Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol (joint implementation) under the Paris Agreement due to be agreed at the end of this year and which is intended to come into force […]

This new briefing paper illustrates the basic legal tools and techniques available to the international community to strengthen gender equality via a new agreement. Written by Linda Siegele and LRI Director, Christoph Schwarte, it outlines a set of technical options on how gender concerns might be integrated in a new climate agreement – namely, …

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This Legal Response Initiative briefing paper examines approaches for binding financial arrangements in the context of a new legal instrument on climate change.  Written by LRI Executive Director, Christoph Schwarte, and by David Rossati from Edinburgh Law School, the briefing offers four possible draft provisions on binding commitments for resource …