In this paper, we set out our response to the following questions: analyse the MRV provisions in the LCA text (the “Agreement”) in respect of (i) financial obligations of developed country parties; (ii) mitigation actions by developed parties; (iii) mitigation actions by developing parties. How do they operate? Do the respective levels of MRV for …

1. What are the legal implications of the closure of SBI without adopting its agenda for issues, such as loss and damage, that have not been progressed in Bonn? 2. What are the possible options for unlocking the stalemate in Warsaw? 1. Legal implications for issues that have not been progressed in Bonn Rule 16 […]

What are the exact functions of the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) and how do these two bodies relate to each other given that both of them report to the COP? The Technology Executive Committee (TEC) is the policy arm of the Technology Mechanism (TM). The TM’s overarching […]

What are the legal implications of the Adaptation Fund becoming an Operational Entity under the Financial Mechanism of the Convention? Summary: Two different sets of legal implications would arise from accrediting the Adaptation Fund (AF) as an Operating Entity (OE) of the Financial Mechanism (FM) under UNFCCC Article 11. The first consequences are …

What is the schedule approach used in WTO trade law to capture the differential treatment of parties? The UNFCCC uses the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and annexes to equitably differentiate between parties to the Convention. However, there are also other approaches. These are not limited to the North-South (developed/developing …