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1. Can a COP decision require certain actions to be taken at the domestic (federal) level in the U.S.? 2. Is there any particular language that should be included in a COP decision to ensure action is taken at the domestic level in the U.S.? 3. What is the legal basis is for US implementation of […]

1. Has ‘vulnerability’ been defined anywhere in international law? 2. Has ‘vulnerability’ been defined anywhere in the UNFCCC? 3. How have states chosen to define vulnerability? 1. ‘Vulnerability’ has not been explicitly defined in any international law instrument. Nevertheless, an insight into how the term ‘vulnerability’ …

1. Is there a general definition of “force majeure” in international law? If not, what would it normally cover (in the event it is not defined further)?  2. Which drafting would limit, to a large degree, the instances in which “force majeure” could be applied under the Annex to the COP decision in both Option A […]

1. There is an ongoing process established by the G20 to determine the amounts of fossil fuels subsidies. Is it possible to have a place in COP discussions to consider this process in order to ensure its full transparency, and ensure its relevancy is captured in the climate regime? Would this mandate come from the […]