Resource Library

Legal analysis of the Secretariat’s note on increasing the efficiency of the UNFCCC process, addressing the legal basis and implications of proposed procedural reforms, including the Bureau’s authority, agenda streamlining, CMP conclusion, and the amendment of reporting and review cycles.

This note explains the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism under Article 6.4, outlining its governance, methodological standards, and transition from the Clean Development Mechanism, as well as related financing and national implementation approaches, including examples from Ghana and Kenya’s carbon market frameworks.

Legal analysis of the mandate and possible outcomes of the “Baku to Belém Roadmap to 1.3T,” established under Decision 1/CMA.6 on the new collective quantified goal on climate finance, outlining implications for COP 30/CMA 7 deliberations.

This note analyses whether UNFCCC proposals to improve COP efficiency conflict with its Rules of Procedure, concluding that several could undermine the Party-driven process by granting decision-making powers to the Secretariat or Bureau and limiting Parties’ agenda-setting and participation rights.

Introduction In accordance with Article 4(9) of the Paris Agreement, Parties are due to communicate new and successive nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in 2025. Parties were due to submit new NDCs by

This advice is provided by third parties in response to Query 107 & 108/24 Queries: Can paragraph 5 of the Decision adopted at CMA 6 on the NCQG (the “Decision”)[1]be interpreted as

This advice is provided in response to Query 04/25 Query: Paragraph 8 of Decision 1/CMA.6 defines a goal. Paragraph 7 of the same Decision does not mention what the ‘at least USD

This note explores that, under CMA decisions, host countries apply corresponding adjustments after deducting the share of proceeds for adaptation, though both actions may occur simultaneously when authorised emission reductions are first transferred under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement.

Introduction Under the Paris Agreement, Parties have the procedural obligations to communicate and maintain Nationally Determined Contributions under art 4.2; submit a mandatory report or communication of information under art 13; participate

This memorandum addresses three queries regarding the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) obligations to consider guidance from the Conference of the Parties (COP), the nature of the relationship between COP and GCF, and

Query: Can paragraph 5 of the Decision adopted at CMA 6 on the NCQG (the “Decision”)[1] be interpreted as meaning that “loss and damage” contributions in Nationally Determined Contributions (“NDCs”) will be

Query: Is it correct to say that the word “observer” in the UNFCCC context also refers to non-admitted entities? Is there a defined category of what “non-admitted entities” are? Summary: Based on