Is it mandatory to submit an adaptation communication? If a party does submit an adaptation communication, are the provisions of Article 7.11 mandatory? In essence, how much flexibility do these provisions offer? Can you produce an analysis of the obligations of Parties under Articles 7.10 and 7.11? Summary: Articles 7.10 and 7.11 reflect formal, procedural …

1. Paris Agreement Article 13(7), (8), (9) and (10) requires the Parties to provide certain information, using the textual language of “shall” and “should”, whereas decision 1/CP.21 para. 91 states that Parties (save for LDCs and SIDs) “shall” submit the information in Article 13 “as appropriate” and no …

Can the Adaptation Fund Board decide to seek accreditation as a Green Climate Fund implementing entity on its own accord, or does it need a mandate from the CMP? Will an accreditation, once it has occurred, need some form of approval from the CMP? Summary: The decision to seek accreditation falls under the definition of a […]

What are the legal obligations of developing country parties under the Paris Agreement? Advice: Under articles 2 and 4, the general objective of the Paris Agreement (“the Agreement”) is to limit the increase in the global average temperature to “well below 2 °C” and to pursue “efforts” to limit the increase to 1.5 °C. This is …

The Co-Chairs of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) have just issued a revised document. It contains sections on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacity building. The new ‘Draft Agreement’ comprises 26 articles on 9 pages that cover all the areas under negotiations. However, many …