1. If a meeting is convened of a smaller/select group of Parties to the UNFCCC outside of the usual UNFCCC meeting times, what will the legal status of the outcome of those meetings be, if a) the UNFCCC mandates a small group of Parties to meet on specific issues outside of the normal UNFCCC process, what […]

1. Is there a general definition of “force majeure” in international law? If not, what would it normally cover (in the event it is not defined further)?  2. Which drafting would limit, to a large degree, the instances in which “force majeure” could be applied under the Annex to the COP decision in both Option A […]

1. Is it correct that all non-agreed text is deleted? 2. If this is the case, what are the options for that text? For example, do Parties start from scratch? Or can Parties work with existing proposals to try and amend those?  3. If it is not the case that the non-agreed text is deleted, […]

1. There is an ongoing process established by the G20 to determine the amounts of fossil fuels subsidies. Is it possible to have a place in COP discussions to consider this process in order to ensure its full transparency, and ensure its relevancy is captured in the climate regime? Would this mandate come from the […]

1. Is there a precedent for having ‘gentleman’s agreements’ made on issues that might normally comprise COP decisions? 2. What is the actual form of a Gentleman’s agreement?  For example, would they be ‘decision’ type language with placeholders in brackets? 3. Are there any dis/advantages to this approach compared to COP decisions? …