What are the legal and governance questions involved if an institution serves two agreements: how can an institution such as the WIM be under the guidance of the COP and the governing body of the new agreement at the same time? what does this mean? Joint COP/PARIS COP agenda items? Advice: It is not uncommon, […]

What is the impact of where topics are placed within the Agreement, eg. Loss and Damage? Does the placement affect the force of a particular provision, or of the agreement as a whole? More specifically: a) What is the legal status of the Preamble versus other sections of the agreement? b) What is the legal status […]

What is the “governing body” mentioned in the ‘co-chairs’ tool’? Advice: The co-chairs’ tool envisages the adoption of a core agreement (part 1, draft agreement) as a new international treaty. It, therefore, provides for a new decision-making body comprising all Parties to the new agreement: “the governing body”. In the section on definitions …

“Is it possible, under international law (and bearing in mind that Article 25 of the UNFCCC specifically provides a right of withdrawal), to restrict the right for a Party to withdraw from a treaty? Have there been other instances where such a restriction has been imposed? It is understood that, under the negotiations for a […]

Comment les contributions déterminées au niveau national (NDCs) des Parties peuvent-elles être intégrées dans un nouvel accord sur le climat 2015 de Paris ? Conseil : Si les Parties n’adoptent pas un nouvel instrument juridique international formellement contraignant (mais plutôt un ensemble de décisions de la COP ou une simple entente politique), …