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How does the Global Market Based Measure (GMBM) complement emission reduction initiatives and ambition under the Paris Agreement? Summary: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement established an initiative to facilitate trade between states and promote carbon pricing on a global scale. Although countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions do not include …

What are the legal obligations of developing country parties under the Paris Agreement? Advice: Under articles 2 and 4, the general objective of the Paris Agreement (“the Agreement”) is to limit the increase in the global average temperature to “well below 2 °C” and to pursue “efforts” to limit the increase to 1.5 °C. This is …

1)  Will a developing country be legally bound to comply with the mitigation contributions stated in its INDC? 2)   Can a developing country ‘back-slide’ from its mitigating contributions, upon reviewing its INDC, at a later date? Advice: 1)  Will a developing country be legally bound to comply with the mitigation contributions stated in its …

The Co-Chairs of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) have just issued a revised document. It contains sections on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacity building. The new ‘Draft Agreement’ comprises 26 articles on 9 pages that cover all the areas under negotiations. However, many …