1. Has ‘vulnerability’ been defined anywhere in international law? 2. Has ‘vulnerability’ been defined anywhere in the UNFCCC? 3. How have states chosen to define vulnerability? 1. ‘Vulnerability’ has not been explicitly defined in any international law instrument. Nevertheless, an insight into how the term ‘vulnerability’ …

Is the CDM Executive Board (as a UN body) bound by international human rights law? In other words, do its decisions have to take into account human rights considerations? Charter of the United Nations: Applicability of Human Rights Law to the UN The United Nations (UN) is bound by human rights under Articles 1(3) and […]

It has been suggested that in the text of Non Paper 39 (draft text on REDD) references to international “agreements” should be replaced with the term “instrument” or “human rights instrument”. What is the distinction between an “agreement” and an “instrument” in this context and should an alternative formulation be used? 1. Summary …