In Paris, on 12 December 2016, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted the Paris Agreement with accompanying COP decisions. The Paris Agreement outlines a broad framework for climate action that requires significant further work by the Parties to develop the envisaged processes, structures …

Since Durban, the institutional home for Workstream 2 has been the ADP, but as it is scheduled to close in Paris, a new home will need to be found. What are the options (drawing on precedents under the process as much as possible) and their pros and cons for various institutional arrangements of three components of […]

How do you ensure permanence of the international mechanism on loss and damage? Background and Summary: There are many countries who state that their chief concern is to ensure the permanence of an international mechanism. They fear that, given its current mandate and scheduled review, the Warsaw International Mechanism could disappear after 2016. For …

What are the legal implications, and pros and cons, of the various options for entry into force provision in the September 2015 draft of the Geneva text? Advice: Option 1: This agreement [shall][will] [enter into force][come into effect on and be implemented from 2020] [on the[ thirtieth][ ninetieth] day after the date on which not […]

What are the necessary procedural steps required for the US government to ratify/accede to a new climate agreement without the involvement of parliament/congress following signature in Paris? Advice: An overview of the mechanism by which the President of the United States may enter into executive agreements without the advice and consent of the Senate …