The attached paper is a literature review of publications on climate-related loss and damage (L&D).  In particular, the review aims to: (i)          map out possible options/approaches for financial arrangements on L&D; (ii)        provide a brief explainer …

What options are there to discuss the special circumstances of Africa under existing and/or new agenda items of UNFCCC/PA bodies? Advice: Background Since the end of 2015 the African Group (AG) has been pushing for a formal inclusion of an agenda item in COP meetings to consider the special needs and special circumstances of Africa […]

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How can space be made for discussion of modalities relating to ex ante finance communications under Article 9.5 PA going forward? Can you review current proposals and suggest additional options that have not been considered yet? Summary: We set out below: (1) our very brief analysis of the options proposed by the APA co-Chairs; and […]

In Paris, on 12 December 2016, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted the Paris Agreement with accompanying COP decisions. The Paris Agreement outlines a broad framework for climate action that requires significant further work by the Parties to develop the envisaged processes, structures …