1. What is the ‘legal’ (institutional) relationship between the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (the WIM Excom) and its three new expert groups (on slow onset events, non-economic losses and action and support) set up in Madrid  2. What is the ‘legal’ (institutional) relationship …

Clarify to what extent, if at all, do the annexes to the UNFCCC apply to the Paris Agreement. Summary: In order to respond to this question, I have undertaken a classic treaty interpretation analysis. My conclusion is that, while some of the context to the terms “developing country Parties” and “developed country Parties” suggests …

What are the legal implications for the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage if it was moved under the Paris Agreement? What would be the potential advantages and disadvantages, e.g.in terms of governance, if it was guided by and accountable to the Meeting of Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) rather than the COP […]

1. If parties agree that the Adaptation Fund should be the recipient of the share of proceeds of the sustainable development mechanism (SDM) envisaged under Art.64 of the Paris Agreement, can a developing country who is not a party to the Paris Agreement benefit from this source of funding through the Adaptation Fund? 2. Can you […]

What are the legal or institutional hurdles/challenges for having the Adaptation Fund serve the Paris Agreement, and what options exist to overcome these hurdles/challenges? Advice: The Adaptation Fund (AF) operates under the Kyoto Protocol and is not part of the Financial Mechanism defined under the UNFCCC. For the time being, it does not serve the …