How can commitments under Art.8 para.3 (to enhance… and… support) be monitored and assessed through the global stocktake? What additional rules/procedures/decisions relating to the global stocktake may facilitate parties’ efforts under Art.8 and/or strengthen the WIM? Advice: 1. How can commitments to enhance understanding, action and …

If and to what extent does Art.8 of the Paris Agreement in conjunction with accompanying COP decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 51, exclude the application of the general rules of public international law, in particular on state responsibility? Advice: The relevant loss and damage provisions adopted at the Paris Conference are contained in both the Paris Agreement …

Is the US argument that there is no legal basis in the Convention for a separate article on loss and damage correct? Would the inclusion of a separate article on loss and damage create liability of parties (for loss and damage from climate change)? Would an article on loss and damage in the new agreement […]

If language similar to that proposed by the US is included in the Paris Agreement in connection with Loss & Damage (and assuming the Agreement does not permit any reservations – see Article 24 of the Draft Agreement), could vulnerable countries limit the effect of such provision by making an interpretative declaration stating that acceptance …

How do you ensure permanence of the international mechanism on loss and damage? Background and Summary: There are many countries who state that their chief concern is to ensure the permanence of an international mechanism. They fear that, given its current mandate and scheduled review, the Warsaw International Mechanism could disappear after 2016. For …