1. What is the mandate/provision(s) in the Montreal Protocol that determines the type of gas that will fall within its remit? 2. What definitions and technical guidance are in the Montreal Protocol and how is it determined that a new gas should be added to the Montreal Protocol? Summary: The provisions for amending the Montreal Protocol […]

1. Is there a precedent for having ‘gentleman’s agreements’ made on issues that might normally comprise COP decisions? 2. What is the actual form of a Gentleman’s agreement?  For example, would they be ‘decision’ type language with placeholders in brackets? 3. Are there any dis/advantages to this approach compared to COP decisions? …

Can you provide clarification on the legal status, legal strength (in terms of bindingness) and implications thereof of three different instruments: COP decisions, legally binding treaties and unilateral declarations? Treaties, COP decisions and unilateral decisions can all be legally binding under international law. Whether or not they are in a particular …

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Is there any hierarchy between the laws of the UNFCCC, ICAO and IMO, so that States can comply with the laws of the UNFCCC and, as long as they are in compliance with the laws of the UNFCCC, then States need not comply with the laws of ICAO/IMO?  Summary There is no hierarchy as such […]