In designing measures to address emissions from international shipping, does the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have the legal mandate to include exemptions – for the purposes of protecting Small Island Developing States – either on the basis of exempting specific countries, or alternatively by setting de minimis thresholds (such as tonnage …

1. If the KP is extended to a second commitment period, what are the legal requirements needed (or are there any available legal avenues) to prohibit or limit the carry over of AAUs from the first to the second commitment period, or limit trading of such AAUs under Article 17. 2. What legal text/language would […]

How would the legal text look like to ensure that finance commitments by developed countries to support mitigation and adaptation in developing countries  are additional to resources developed countries provide to meet their existing Overseas Development Assistance commitments (to provide 0.7% of their GNI as aid)?  Are there precedents that can be …

In Doha, the KP Parties adopted amendments to the Kyoto Protocol relating to CP2 (the Doha Amendment). The Doha Amendment, once it has entered into force, will be binding under international law on the Parties that have deposited their instruments of acceptance in respect of the Doha Amendment. The Doha Amendment and the KP Decision […]

The Doha Climate Change Conference (COP18) culminated on Saturday 8 December 2012 with the adoption of the ‘Doha Climate Gateway’, a set of decisions adopted by near universal acclamation related to amendments to the Kyoto Protocol (the KP Decision), the closure of the Ad-­‐hoc Working Group on Long-­‐term Cooperative Action (AWG-­‐LCA) …