Query: Please advise if the flexibility provisions under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement mean that least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS) are not obliged to submit biennial transparency reports (BTRs) under the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF). Advice: The query is concerned with the nature of the reporting …

The oversight mechanisms established by the Paris Agreement are key to ensure scrutiny and accountability of Parties’ actions and support in an otherwise largely nationally determined regime. This briefing paper briefly introduces these oversight mechanisms, assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the current architecture, and suggests ways forward …

1. Following the postponement of COP26 (originally planned for November 2020), by when do Parties have to communicate or update their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) pursuant to Article 4 of the Paris Agreement? 2. If the Parties are bound to communicate or update their NDCs by 2020, is there any legal basis to say that, […]

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Could a failure to comply with obligations related to the Transparency Framework under Article 13, Paris Agreement, be a trigger for action by the Compliance Committee under Article 15 ? Advice: The Paris Agreement does not provide for any explicit relationship between Article 13 (transparency framework) and Article 15 (compliance mechanism). There …