1. What do international law and best practices and standards (including UNFCCC and GCF rules or standards), World Bank policies and guidelines, and US and EU law and best practice standards say about the fiduciary responsibility of trustees, the obligations of consultants, and potential conflicts of interest where one organization plays both roles?  …

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1. What is the exact difference between MRV and compliance? 2. Is it possible to make a clear distinction between a strong MRV system and a compliance system which only includes facilitative elements, but no enforcement? 3. Did the Senate raise legal/constitutional concerns when the USA accepted the compliance system of the Montreal Protocol? Question …

This briefing paper analyses the process and legality of Canada’s alleged pending withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol (“KP” or the “Protocol”) prior to the end of the first commitment period on 31 December 2012. After summarising the process which Canada would have to follow to withdraw from the KP, this briefing paper examines the limited …