What are the main legal consequences if a party ratifies the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol? Advice: 1. Legal obligations contained in the Amendment The main legal effect of the Kigali Amendment is to introduce a new Article 2J, a new Article 5(8) qua and a new Annex F to the Montreal Protocol. Together […]

…

Could a new US president possibly withdraw from the UNFCCC under Art. 25 (within a year of taking office) through an executive order and without approval by the US parliament (Senate/Congress?)? What would be the specific legal requirements, barriers, criteria for such an order? Summary: As a matter of United States law, a new US …

1. Now that the Paris Agreement has entered into force, would a US withdrawal in four years (under Article 28 PA) negate entry into force of the Agreement under international law, if the withdrawal means that the requirements for entry into force (under Article 21(1)) are no longer met? What — if any — is […]

How does the Global Market Based Measure (GMBM) complement emission reduction initiatives and ambition under the Paris Agreement? Summary: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement established an initiative to facilitate trade between states and promote carbon pricing on a global scale. Although countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions do not include …